An analysis Introduction: 1. First sentence = general introduction to the wider topic at hand (context) 2. Paraphrase of the topic statement: instead of compulsory = mandatory should be a requirement = should they be obligated 3. Use of cohesive devices: Nevertheless, However 4. Vocab span: abolished, penalize, military service, It is safe to say, vast majority 5. Grammar: use of present perfect Body text: 1. Topic sentence: general coordinating idea of the paragraph = Specific but yet wide enough to encompass your following arguments: a) On the one hand, military could have a positive effect on young people's lives. b) On the other hand, military training could take a toll on a soldier's mental and physical health. 2. Arguments: After the topic sentences in each of the paragraphs follow the arguments that support your topic sentences. !!! The student made a mistake in the 1st paragraph because the second argument: "Countries could profit by having a stable military." does not relate to the topic statement introducing the paragraph "Military could have a positive effect on young people's lives" 3. Use of cohesive devices: Firstly, For example, Secondly, Therefore, For instance, Furthermore, On the one hand/ On the other hand, To begin with 4. Vocab span: recruits, "put through rigorous physical training", even the slightest slacking around, enable to develop, guarantee safety, avoid obstacles, top shape, to acquire, mental capacity = collocations, take a toll on * (spelling error in the essay = however this kind of spelling errors might be overlooked due to the impressive use of an idiomatic expression). 5. Grammar: use of 1st conditional (if-structures) Conclusion
1. Giving a short summary of the arguments expressed in the body . 2. Providing your own opinion on the matter. 3. Use of cohesive devices: in conclusion, even though, in my opinion 4. Vocab span: "in terms of", sustain, "reliance on", "suited for" 5. Grammar: "even more since we're talking about", "have never held a gun", use of gerunds
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Brave New World is a novel written in 1931 by Aldous Huxley, and published in 1932. It is (mostly) set in London in the year AD 2540 (632 A.F.—"After Ford"—in the book). Ranked fifth by the American Modern Library among its 100 best novels, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World remains an enduring classic of speculative fiction. Since the Trump administration took over, it has become one of the top 10 best-selling books on Amazon. Important concepts: SOCIAL AND GENETIC ENGINEERING (EUGENICS), “HAPPY PILLS”= SOMA, HENRY FORD (FORDISM), SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL CASTE SYSTEM, CONSUMERISM, CONFORMITY, INDIVIDUALISM, ALIENATION Title: Brave New World's title is derived from William Shakespeare's play The Tempest (Oluja): "O wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people in't." Huxley's views on technology & science: When Brave New World was published, science and technology were widely seen as holding a utopian promise. Aldous Huxley’s satirical book about a technocratic, totalitarian state in which the masses are engineered into obedient workers and consumers by eugenics, drugs and mindless enjoyment was one of the first to question the benign nature of technology and science. (Keep in mind that this was before World War II and nuclear bombs). Why it is relevant today: Brave New World's dystopian state uses non-stop, trivial, sensual distractions (music, cinema, sports, sex, drugs) to prevent people from paying too much attention to social and political realities. Significance of Henry Ford: Ford is a replacement figure for "God" in the novel as presented by the utterances such as: 'Ford helps those who help themselves' or 'Ford be praised' Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. He championed the division of labour in order to increase productivity. The book envisions his practices and ideas taken to extremes: 1. people lack a comprehensive knowledge of the world (they possess only the knowledge needed to perform the tasks they were trained for) 2. an emphasis on productivity and efficiency at all costs . In a world based on these principles people are also mass produced. 3. endless mass production demands endless consumption (constant purchasing of new things) Additional explanation concerning the use of strong language: The character of John the Savage calls Lenina a whore, which you might find shocking. Other characters in the history of literature use this 'term' in reference to their mothers (Hamlet) or wives (Othello), so such name-calling is anything but rare. John the Savage believes in a modest type of love which does not revolve around sex. In comparison, Lenina views relationships with men as mostly physical, without being able to express deeper emotions because she wasn't conditioned to do so. John's violent outbursts at Lenina can be explained, though not condoned, by his inner conflict between his morals and lustful feelings. One should also not forget his 'mommy issues' and the difficulties he faced due to his mother's promiscuous behaviour in the Reservation, so it is to an extent understandable why he would feel repulsed, even aggressive, upon Lenina's sexual advances. Additional explanation concerning self-flagellation and self-punishment: After John's self-exile to a remote lighthouse, he tries to lead his life according to an extreme alternative: a modest life without any pleasures, filled with self-imposed pain and suffering (like medieval monks). However, even his self-imposed pain is turned into a sensation, another product to be consumed. His way of life is not a sustainable (nor desirable) alternative to the world at large. One of the morals of this novel is that happiness and the pursuit thereof can be perverted as much as the pursuit of unhappiness. You can download the book in various formats at: english-e-books.net/brave-new-world-aldous-huxley/ alongside with an audiobook, which I warmly recommend (especially for those who have certain issues with pronunciation). If you prefer to print it out, you can also download the book here: ![]()
Quizlet: quizlet.com/_3mpzkk
Go through the workbook (44-49 + wordlist 133) and Student's Book: pay special attention to Vocab bank on p. 139 - Types of advertising and Consumerism + vocabulary revision and expansion on p. 78 - 79. Vocab to the handout "Torches of Freedom" is included in this quizlet, in addition to other vocabulary: quizlet.com/_3iqyha Good luck and don't forget to wear your sunglasses. :) |
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