1st Grade - 21/22 April - Revision of PAST perfect and PREPOSITIONAL phrases (with one online task)4/20/2020 After reviewing your written assignments on the topic of SURVIVAL and past tenses, we should take a step back and reflect on some of the mistakes that you made. There were some which kept popping up. 1. When we are telling a story or giving an account of something that happened in the past, most of our verbs in that text are going to be in one of the past tenses. So, instead of WILL – we should use WOULD; we shouldn't use – WON'T but WOULDN'T, not CAN but COULD, not HAS but HAD. There has to be a good reason to use a present tense verb in the same sentence with verbs in the past. (Mora postojati dobar razlog zašto bi koristili sadašnja vremena u rečenici s prošlim vremenima) ''Even back then, people KNEW that the Earth IS round." U tom je slučaju dozvoljeno koristiti - IS – jer je činjenica da je Zemlja okrugla bila istinita i još uvijek je istinita. (Na stranu Flat Earthers i njihovi 'argumenti' za one koji su upoznati s njima :)) 2. When you use PAST PERFECT you need to have a (darn good) reason why you need to use it, otherwise you should definitely rather use PAST SIMPLE. PAST SIMPLE will suffice in most cases (75%). If we have a sequence of past actions, one following the other – we should use PAST SIMPLE. When we do use PAST PERFECT there should always be a more RECENT past action expressed in PAST SIMPLE with which you are going to correlate this more DISTANT action in PAST PERFECT. Without having a more RECENT action (expressed or very obviously implied) to establish a relationship with, you should NOT use PAST PERFECT. I had come home late. – an INCORRECT usage of PAST PERFECT – you don't have an adverbial (never, always, by the time, ever, for, since) or a more recent past action (in PAST SIMPLE) with which you could establish some sort of a link/connection/correlation. My dad was pissed because I had never come home that late before. - a CORRECT usage of PAST PERFECT !!! Also, be careful – with using BY THE TIME…try to envision which action happened first. That action should be in PAST PERFECT. The other, more recent one should be in PAST simple. BY THE TIME I CAME HOME, they HAD EATEN all the cookies. (1st they ate the cookies, then I came home. – as you can see, we’re using PAST SIMPLE here because we have a sequence of past actions happening one AFTER another) 3. Not to overwhelm you, I want to focus on one last thing unrelated to tenses - PREPOSITIONS and PREPOSITIONAL phrases.
A lot of you still don't have a firm grasp of which preposition you should use - for example, with modes of transport. It is quite understandable that this happens because your mother tongue (CROATIAN) interferes with English. There isn't any inherent logic behind prepositions and prepositional phrases; you just have to become aware that these structures exist in Croatian as well as in English and these structures more often than not differ from one another. There is no inherent logic behind why we say: "Reci to NA engleskom." VS "Say it IN English." * Prepositions: BY; AT; IN; ON; INTO; ONTO; FOR; OF; TO: WITHIN; WITH... !!! The assignment for next time: 1. Go through this QUIZLET with ENG-CRO prepositional pairings: quizlet.com/_8bkd4q?x=1jqt&i=ol6mm 2. Then, based on this quizlet , try to complete this online task as best as you can. Go to educaplay: game.educaplay.com/ and use this PIN: 322310 to access the game.
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