![]() Our modern conception of the link between depression and chemicals in the brain was sparked quite by accident in the middle of the last century. In the autumn of 1951, doctors treating tubercular patients at Sea View Hospital on Staten Island with a new drug — iproniazid — observed sudden transformations in their patients’ moods and behaviors. The wards — typically glum and silent, with lethargic patients — were “bright last week with the happy faces of men and women,” a journalist wrote. Patients laughed and joked in the dining hall, as if a dark veil of grief had lifted. Energy flooded back and appetites returned. Many, ill for months, demanded five eggs for breakfast and then consumed them with gusto. When Life magazine sent a photographer to the hospital to investigate, the patients could no longer be found lying numbly in their beds: they were playing cards or dancing in the corridors. If the men and women at Sea View were experiencing an awakening, then a few hundred miles south, others at Duke’s hospital encountered its reverse. In 1954, a 28-year-old woman was prescribed Raudixin to control her blood pressure. A few months later, she returned to the hospital, complaining of crying spells, dullness and lethargy. She felt futile, guilty and hopeless, she told her doctors. A few months later, when she returned, the sense of futility had turned into hostility. A 42-year-old woman prescribed Raudixin told her doctor that “God would cause her to become insane” before she could repent. The “feeling blue,” as another patient described it, persisted until the drug was discontinued. Psychiatrists and pharmacologists were quick to note these bizarre case reports. How, they wondered, could simple, seemingly unrelated chemicals like Raudixin or iproniazid produce such profound and opposite effects on mood? It was around this same time that scientists were learning that the brain itself was immersed in a soup of chemicals. In the early part of the century, scientists wondered how nerve cells talked to one another. By the late 1960s, evidence suggested that signals between neurons were carried by several chemicals, including the neurotransmitter serotonin. Might iproniazid and Raudixin have altered the levels of some neurotransmitters in the brain, thereby changing brain signaling and affecting mood? Strikingly so, scientists found. Raudixin — the “feeling blue” drug — drastically lowered the concentration of serotonin and closely related neurotransmitters in the brain. Conversely, drugs known to increase euphoria, like iproniazid, increased those levels. These early findings led psychiatrists to propose a radical new hypothesis about the cause and treatment of depression. Depression, they argued, was a result of a “chemical imbalance” of neurotransmitters in the brain. In the normal brain, serotonin shuttled between mood-maintaining neurons, signaling their appropriate function. In the depressed brain, this signal had somehow gone wrong. The writer Andrew Solomon once evocatively described depression as a “flaw in love” — and certainly, the doctors using Raudixin at Duke had seen that flaw emerge grimly in real time: flaws in self-love (guilt, shame, suicidal thoughts), love for others (blame, aggression, accusation), even the extinction of a desire for love (lethargy, withdrawal, dullness). But these were merely the outer symptoms of a deeper failure of neurotransmitters. The “flaw in love” was a flaw in chemicals. Powerful vindication for this theory came from the discovery of new medicines that specifically elevated serotonin concentrations. The first such drug, Zimelidine, was created by a Swedish researcher, Arvid Carlsson. Following Carlsson’s lead, pharmaceutical chemists threw their efforts and finances into finding serotonin-enhancing drugs, and the new giants of the antidepressant world were born in rapid succession. Prozac was created in 1974. Paxil appeared in 1975, Zoloft in 1977 (the trade names were introduced years later). PROZAC - THE STAR/VILLAIN OF THE SHOW In 1987, the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) was introduced. It had been tested by the FDA and found to be an effective antidepressant with fewer than usual side effects. Doctors began to prescribe it to depressed patients. The results were astonishing. Patients reported feeling "better than well." It not only eased their depression, but seemed to give them a new look at themselves. Prozac users felt they were discovering their own true personalities for the first time. It seemed to make cautious people more spontaneous, the introverted more outgoing, the timid more confident. In short, it seened to improve people's personalities, at least in making them more socially attractive. Within two years, pharmacies were filling 65,000 Prozac prescriptions per month -- in the United States alone. Within five years, 4.5 million Americans had taken it. This was the fastest acceptance ever for a psychiatric drug. And because it seemed to go beyond treating illness and actually improve people, to be a facelift for the character, it gained the status of a celebrity. As Peter Kramer wrote in Listening to Prozac, "Prozac enjoyed the career of a true celebrity -- renown, followed by rumors, then notoriety, scandal, and lawsuits, and finally a quiet rehabilitation." Reports emerged that some patients felt more suicidal on Prozac. Lawyers began to defend murder suspects by saying that whatever they did, it was under the influence of a drug -- Prozac. There was a backlash to the use of the drug, followed by a smaller backlash to the backlash, until Prozac left the front pages and returned to the pharmacist's formulary. Still, it had opened a new window on an old question about personality and mental health -- how much of it is biological, and how much experiential? CHANGES IN APPROACH Depression was traditionally viewed as a chemical imbalance: a deficiency in a single chemical messenger in the gaps (or synapses) between nerve cells was believed to disrupt communication between these cells. However, studies in the 1980s and beyond found some patients with depression had increased rather than decreased levels of these chemical messengers (or neurotransmitters). In addition, some effective depression medications decreased the level of a chemical messenger rather than increasing it. Finally, many treated with medications that enhanced serotonin didn't show an improvement in mood. It was clear that depression wasn't related to a simple, single chemical deficiency. Instead, scientists designing new treatments began to understand that people with depression had widespread alterations in the function of neurotransmitters, structural changes in brain regions that regulated their mood and emotions, and changes in the brain's wiring or connectivity. The next step was to find a drug that worked on the wider circuits and connections of the brain. That drug turned out to be one that had been used in operating theaters and on battlefields for decades. . Ketamine: An Anesthetic Repurposed
Ketamine has been used as an anesthetic since the 1960s. In an influential study in 2000, a single injection of ketamine exerted a rapid antidepressant effect within 72 hours. This benefit lasted for several weeks. A nasal spray version called Spravato (esketamine) received FDA approval in 2019 as an add-on therapy for treatment-resistant depression. The exciting story of ketamine has highlighted the need to think beyond a single chemical messenger when developing modern antidepressants. Ketamine triggers positive changes in the function of brain circuits and stimulates the regrowth of synapses, restoring connections between brain cells. That said, there are drawbacks. Ketamine side effects include dissociative symptoms (out-of-body experiences and hallucinations), and it carries the potential for abuse. Response rates may be lower in older patients . It must be administered in a doctors' office or clinic. Adapted from: https://www.greenbrooktms.com/blog/the-history-of-antidepressants https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/magazine/the-science-and-history-of-treating-depression.html
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Dear students, to get you into the mood for working on your projects, submitting your project proposals and getting you excited about the future please do this short interactive task and find out how humans will look like in a thousand years.
Hopefully, you'll acquire (*usvojit) some new vocab along the way. I won't overburden you with assignments this week because you need to submit your project proposals. You'll receive feedback during the weekend. For most, I'll just "like" your proposals but some will receive a more extensive commentary. Hopefully, you will all have submitted your Gforms (Review of Module 3) that were assigned last week, by the end of this week (along with the GForms on Linking words and your project proposals). (Do you see how I used future perfect here :)) You have your work cut out for you and I won't pile on more. Focus on your projects and catching up with assignments that you might have missed.
When we're talking about habits we should also learn (or remind ourselves) which structures we use to express that we're accustomed to (*naviknut) or getting accustomed (*u procesu navikavanja) to something.
So, we can say that we are getting used to this remote school experience. Maybe, some of you have already gotten used to submitting your assignments on time. Nobody was used to studying online before. You had to get use to it. (GET ACCUSTOMED TO IT) You should definitely watch the video below on this grammar topic toelucidate the matter further. For some, this might be basic stuff but it doesn't hurt to repeat certain things because mistakes still do happen. If you think that you already know this, skip to 3:33 of the video and try to provide correct answers.
Furthermore, in order to consolidate the use of these (old/new) structures, do the interactive exercise below (getting used, get used to, got used to...):
This week, I won't burden you with any assignments (activities) that you have to submit. (You have the key for the tasks that you had to do last time, attached below.) However, next week, since we've finished our work on Unit 4, you'll have to show your mastery of the vocabulary and grammatical concepts (future in the past (a), structures for habitual behaviour (b) and for establishing habits (c)) that we've covered thus far. You'll have to submit your work on tasks from Review 4, p.53, SB. More on that, next time. :) ![]()
3rd grade -6 & 7 May - Habitual behaviour (habits and routines in the PAST and the PRESENT)5/6/2020 For the next two lessons we're going to focus on structures that we use to express present and past habits and routines (actions that are/were repeated in the present and past) - structures that we use for the so-called HABITUAL behaviour. In your books on page 44, you have a text about hospital dramas - listing some features that they used to have and how they've changed. I'm sure that you have similar experiences with TV shows and programmes that you used to love but which have progressively gotten worse to the point that you cannot watch them anymore. I have similar grievances related to Star Trek. TO MY MIND, the show has become unwatchable. What you have to remember grammar-wise is: 1. You cannot use WOULD for stative verbs (*gl. stanja). ❌ You cannot say "We would be married" ✔️ You should say "We USED TO be married" 2. If we state for how long the situation (habit) lasted, when it was going on...we use PAST SIMPLE (and not USED TO). ✔️ I LIVED in Velika Gorica for 5 years. ❌ I used to live in VG for 5 years - WRONG 3. We use present continuous to talk about habits in the present ONLY if we're IRRITATED by them (or if they are TEMPORARY). ❌❌Students love using present continuous for facts and unchanging situations in the present - which is, unfortunately - INCORRECT. ❌ ✔️ You are constantly/always talking on your phone (!) ✔️ (I hate when you do it) ❌ Every day I'm going to the park to relax and unwind. (A HABIT IN THE PRESENT should be expressed by PRESENT SIMPLE) ✔️ Every day I go to the part to relax and unwind. 4. We can also use future simple (WILL) to express habitual behaviour in the PRESENT and to talk about one's annoying habit. ✔️ Don't call them - they'll be having dinner. (Because they USUALLY DO at this time of day) !! Assignment!! ✔️ To check your understanding of these structures you should do task 4 (p.45, SB) in your books. For those of you who are visual learners, listen to this young teacher's explanation. The rest can just skip to 3:45 of the video to see if you can provide the correct answer to the questions she posed. ✔️ After reading this post, going through the powerpoint below and (preferably) watching the video you should go to workbooks on page 115 and do the 3 tasks under the heading 4.1 Habitual behaviour. You'll be provided with the key to check how you did on Friday. ![]()
Today's lesson builds on task 5 (p. 41) in your SBs and tasks 3 and 4 (p.31) in your Workbooks. We're going to explore the subject of comparing and contrasting a bit further. To be able to compare and contrast we need these little words that we call LINKING words (*veznici). Linking words help us bring our ideas together and in relation. In our native language we usually don't have any issues with linking words. However, the same cannot be said for our second/third languages. The issue lies in not knowing were to position a linking word within a sentence (if we use it at the end or at the beginning) and which structures (forms) might follow them. General (basic) guidelines that you should keep in mind are: 1. AVOID starting sentences with ANDs and BUTs and rather use IN ADDITION and HOWEVER. After IN ADDITION and HOWEVER always use commas. E.g. The idea of self-driving cars is becoming more mainstream. In addition, they are proven to be safer THAN regular cars. 2. ON THE OTHER HAND - is always used at the beginning of a sentence E.g. On the other hand, are we really willing to let AIs make life or death decisions that we face in traffic? 3. TOO - is usually comes at the end of the sentence E.g. In addition to AIs gaining more independence, they are becoming more widely used TOO. 4. WHILE vs WHEREAS - to compare and contrast ideas. However, unlike WHEREAS, we typically use while at the beginning of a sentence. E.g. While he may be rich, he certainly isn’t handsome. We can’t reverse the sentence order: He certainly isn’t handsome while he may be rich. - INCORRECT !!!2 ASSIGNMENTS (deadline: 7.5.)!!! 1. What you have to do now is to solve tasks 3 and 4 (p. 31) in your workbooks. 2. After that, we'll do a little exercise were you'll compare and contrast the world as predicted in a cult move BACK TO THE FUTURE (made in 1985) and the world as it was in 2015 (in regard to TECH). Therefore, you have two 2015s: one fictional (envisioned by the movie's director) and the one that you actually lived through. a) You have to produce 6 sentences based on the video below (perhaps the diagram below can help). b) In every sentence you need to used one linking word. You'll submit your work at: forms.gle/FyKPL7sauKChAkV58 My darling students, I won't overburden you this time around to give you time to complete and submit all the work you still haven't done by the end of this week. Some of you are really conscientious (*savjesni) and your work will be adequately rewarded considering that I'll have to bid you adieu after this week (don't worry; you'll get another teacher ;)). However, don't get overjoyed quite yet. There's some work to be done in order for us to complete Unit 9. Today, you're going to hear about 25 amazing real life stories of survival. Some you might already know because they've had their Hollywood adaptations (like the Reverent or 127 Hours). You must choose 6 examples/situations from the 25 mentioned in the video below and describe/express the survivors' plight through the use of the 3rd conditional. !!! For example (account No. 24): If the Uruguay team HADN'T CRASHED in the Andes, they WOULDN'T HAVE RESORTED to cannibalism. After you have chosen your 6 stories and written six 3rd CONDITIONAL sentences about these situations, go and submit them at this GForm were one additional task awaits about movie BLOOPERS (funny mistakes made by an actor during the making of a film or television programme).
!!! DEADLINE: 11.5. --- forms.gle/YVVDvaj8GytHd8hn7 The last poet on our list, the world’s most famous goth with whom we’re ending this poetic journey down history, is the father of Gothic and detective fiction – Edgar Allan Poe. We’re going to focus on his work for the majority of this week (leaving Friday for you to focus on your projects). Hopefully, if you don’t like dark and suspenseful (*napetu) fiction already, you’ll GROW to love it (*zavoljet ćete). So, who was this Edgar Allan Poe, an orphan, an alcoholic, who mysteriously dropped dead at the age of 40? (Rabies, syphilis, alcohol abuse, murder, poison or brain tumor are just some of the theories surrounding his death.) Watch the video below to find out more…if you dare! As you might already know, Poe’s poem The Raven – a poem about love, loss, being haunted (*proganjan, opsjednut) by sad memories – is quite a popular read around Halloween, but a glorious one at any time of year, with a compelling rhythm and fantastic story that will send shivers down your spine. The poem can be read on many levels; on your first reading you may want to try to understand the literal meaning of the poem, rather than getting all the nuances (*nijanse) of symbolism or trying to define every individual word. Be sure to download the annotated poem below so you can follow this musical adaptation of the poem. The vocab work has already been done for you. !!! Remember that “RAPPING” in the poem means KNOCKING and QUOTH means to SAY. Hopefully, you could understand the gist of the poem. The narrator is haunted (*proganjan) by grief and memory of a girl named Lenore. He allegedly wants to forget about her for a moment, put his mind to rest, but this annoying bird won't let him. The Raven won't let him forget about her, that she is no more. Moreover, the raven won't provide comfort or hope that the two might meet again in the afterlife. There are of course certain elements of the supernatural (*nadnaravno) but we can always provide an explanation that the narrator is going mad. !!! ASSIGNMENT (for everybody) !!! Deadline : 12 MAY For this week, your only assignment is: (1) to invest some time in studying The Raven (it'll come in handy even for your Croatian Matura exam) and (2) to complete this GForm that checks your understanding of this poetic masterpiece. If English is not one of your strongest suits, you can always complement (*nadopunit) the original in English with the Croatian translation (provided for you in the document attached below). --To consolidate your understanding of the poem and before submitting the GForm assignment, I'd advise watching this neat little summary. !! Guidelines if you decide to do a project on THE RAVEN !! Option 4/4 As you should know by know, the deadline for submitting your project assignments is this Friday (8.5.) It's a bit last notice and cutting it close, but if you wish, as the final option (IV) for your project assignment, you can write your own ending to “The Raven.” 1. By taking off the last few stanzas (*uzimajući za polazište zadnjih par strofa), rewrite the poem to have an alternate ending and/or a different story line. Try to use the same rhyme scheme and practice using different poetry techniques (that you already know from Croatian classes) including, but not limited to, alliteration, onomatopoeia, repetition, and personification. 2. Try to get creative! You could even try to make it creepier, if that’s possible! (Think about why/how Lenore died. Perhaps she’s not even dead…we can only speculate). Is the narrator reliable? He is after all talking to birds about a dead girl. 3. You could write a poem (as a response to the narrator’s perspective) from the viewpoint of the raven, or the tragically deceased Lenore, or give voice to some inanimate (*neživi) object in the narrator’s chamber (room*). Perhaps, Poe is vising YOU from beyond the grave or Lenore wants you to tell her side of the story. Or, you are the narrator's psychologist/psychiatrist helping him to address his unhealthy obsession with this bird (that is, you're treating his inability to let go of his grief). 4. Your written part of the assignment has to consist of at least 180 words. There’s one part that makes this project assignment easier than the other three. You just need to include text and image (no voice needed). I suggest that you visualize your story by making a STORY BOARD. You’ll need to plan ahead upon making this project. You have to familiarize yourself with the features offered on this platform. You can choose another online platform which allows you to make a storyboard - this is just a suggestion. Ideally, you’d write your story/poem beforehand keeping in mind the visual imaginary with which you’d like to accompany your writing. Here’s an example of a modern take on Poe. ![]()
We're slowly approaching the end of Unit 4 dedicated to global issues, politics and protests. Make sure that you have submitted all your prior class assignments via google forms.
Before tackling the (newest) Google form that tests your knowledge on the vocabulary covered in this Unit, you should go through the Quizlet that I made for you. quizlet.com/_8d9cr1?x=1jqt&i=ol6mm You can also consult the vocab list for Unit 4 at the end of your workbooks. There's going to be one listening exercise in addition to vocabulary work. Your work won't be graded but it will be monitored. To be precise, your work will be graded if you do exceptionally well (88% accuracy and above). The points for correct answers will be automatically assigned. However, I will go through your results once more and amend (*ispravit) possible mistakes that the automated grading system might have made. !!! Deadline for submitting forms.gle/Uk4DyU1JwAR79Pg26: 11.5. You are going to be offered 12 possible topics that you can cover and develop for your project. You have to present your vision of what the future will bring (the future development – desired, as well as undesired) to certain areas of human interest. ✔️ You have to base your vision on at least some research. There are already some advances and thought processes which suggest what the future might bring and in which directions might we be headed. ✔️ You can work in pairs or alone. You can collaborate with your potential partner online via, for example, google docs. ✔️ You are supposed to do a multimedia presentation through some kind of combination of voice and text. The easiest way to do it is to make a PowerPoint presentation and record it together with you providing context and additional information (basically, guiding us through your work) via a voice recording. ✔️ If you decide to do it alone – your work should not be shorter than 2 min and 30 seconds, but not longer than 5 minutes. If you decide to do it in pairs, your work should not be shorter than 5 minutes but not longer than 7. ✔️ After you decide whether you want to work in pairs or alone and which topic you want to develop further, you need to inform me about your plans till 7.5. ✔️ In addition, you need to submit an outline (a plan, a general overview) of your presentation in written form before submitting the real thing (7.5). This outline needs to tell me which specific issues you’ll be addressing, things you’ll focus on, your motivation behind exploring this particular subject further – why you have chosen that particular topic, questions you want to answer E.g. An outline for “The Future of Education” might look something like this: ✔️ Your outlines need to have at least 4 headings (*podnaslova) or parts and 10 specific questions you want to answer/address in your presentation.
You have to submit the outline via Loomen till 7.5. ✔️ After doing preliminary research needed for submitting your project outlines, you need to start putting together the project itself. ✔️ You should follow the outline that you’ve submitted and use it as your guideline in making this presentation. Of course, there might be some questions and headings from the outline that you end up discarding (*odbaciti). That’s perfectly fine. ✔️In the final project/product – at the very end, I want you to directly address and state the things that you’ve learned by doing this project. Thus, WHAT I LEARNED should be the last heading/part of your presentation/project. ✔️I also want you to address how your vision compares with other visions put forward about the future of a specific field – so some kind of a comparison with other people’s ideas is needed (E.g. Elon Musk is obsessed with his idea of a Hyperloop) – Perhaps you don’t agree that this is such an amazing idea. ✔️✔️✔️✔️THE LIST OF TOPICS (Choose whichever you like)✔️✔️✔️✔️ 1. THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE and HEALTHCARE -- possible subtopics of interest: vaccination (*cjepivo), CRISPR, chimera (*animal/human hybrid), artificial wombs 2. THE FUTURE OF SPORTS -- possible subtopics of interest: genetic doping 3. THE FUTURE OF schools/ education --- possible subtopics of interest: online schooling/homeschooling... 4. THE FUTURE OF warfare/army 5. THE FUTURE OF the economy (*gospodrstvo) --- possible subtopics of interest: cryptocurrencies, commerce (*koncept trgovine), redundant professions vs professions of the future, Microchip implants for payment, social credit rating, automation, drones... 6. THE FUTURE OF social relationships --- possible subtopics of interest: dating/love/marriage/family/ death – funerals, procreation, digital afterlife... 7. THE FUTURE OF nutrition 8. THE FUTURE OF the environment and energy --- possible subtopics of interest: endangered species, carbon footprint, waste management, sustainable development, solar panels, renewable energy resources... 9.THE FUTURE OF cities (the vision of the future city) --- possible subtopics of interest: accommodation, vertical gardens, commuting, living arrangements, suburbs 10.THE FUTURE OF leisure --- possible subtopics of interest: entertainment, hobbies, movies, concerts, pets, tourism, games…. 11.THE FUTURE OF transport --- possible subtopics of interest:(new modes of transport, energy-efficient, space travel, commuting, renewable energy sources, carbon footprint) 12. THE FUTURE OF crime and police --- possible subtopics of interest: the judicial system (*pravosudni sustav), crime rates, cyber crimes, surveillance, law enforcement, gear (*oprema) ✔️✔️✔️✔️ Checklist for this project✔️✔️✔️✔️: ❐ I have familiarized myself with the general recent trends and development in the field of my interest (I’ve done my research). ❐ The presentation is at least 2min and 30 second long (singles) or 5 min for (pairs) Longer doesn’t necessarily mean better. ❐ I haven’t plagiarized any of the text I presented or directly read the text which I found on the internet. ❐ I checked the meaning and the pronunciation of words that I used in my project but of which I had been unsure of ❐ When recording the presentation, I didn’t just read out the script that I had written. I’ve engaged at least some of my presentational skills. ❐ The project itself can be divided into several subsections (headings) ❐ I started my motivation behind selecting this topic in the introduction ❐ I clearly stated and answered all of my research questions. ❐ I’ve compared my ideas and solutions with someone else’s ides (and provided arguments why mine are better) ❐ I stated what I’ve learned at the end of my presentation. ❐ I’ve used some visual aids (images, info-graphics, pictures) ✔️✔️✔️✔️ Submit your work at ✔️✔️✔️✔️: 1.b(12.5): drive.google.com/drive/folders/1JzGqG2_Mqby_u3iQgT_tx57aHB7Ae2mO?usp=sharing 1.f(13.5.): drive.google.com/drive/folders/1H1I3L9bliIh7ABq8hfqXZVqBhtaDTE-0?usp=sharing Dear 1st graders, you can find the key for Grammar Revision (p. 29, Workbooks) in the word document attached below. Hope you have completed your work so you can just scan through the attached document. The plan for this week goes as follows: 1. You'll have to complete and submit one comprehensive (*sveobuhvatni) Google Form which checks how well you've been progressing through Module 3. If you're not sure which answer is correct, you're more than welcome to check your books. The end game here is that you learn something by going through these tasks ( and not to go through them mindlessly). Ideally, you'll be more aware of your weak spots after you complete this Form. -- forms.gle/ZsFUoitUJi8jid9EA Take your time. It'll take you at least 30 minutes to complete his google form. 2. On Thursday, you'll be presented with a list of Project topics to choose from. You'll have to select a project topic that you want to work on. Of course, it goes without saying that these project topics will be related to the.....FUTURE (and various aspect thereof). To be continued..... ![]()
After the epic poem Beowulf, we're going to travel forward in time to the beginning of the 17th century, when Shakespeare's sonnets were published. We're just going to focus on 2 sonnets not to overwhelm you - the Sonnets 18 (Shall I Compare thee* to a Summer's day) and 130 (My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun). Thee* - *you There are certain concepts that we have to cover first in order to be equipped to bring the Bard (i.e. Shakespeare) into the 21st century. He dedicated most of his sonnets to a young man. These are much warmer than those written for the Dark Lady (e.g. Sonnet 130). At that time, it wasn’t so unusual for men to write poems to each other, especially if they shared a special bond (#bromance4life). Most of Shakespeare’s sonnets consist of 14 lines of rhyming IAMBIC PENTAMETER. "What is an IAMBIC PENTAMETER?" no teenager has ever wondered :). It is a metric line that consists of 10 syllables – 5 stressed and 5 unstressed. The rhythm that is created via the alteration (*izmjena) between stressed and unstressed syllables is very important because it initiates a heartbeat. ♥️♥️♥️ I will now let MC Lars tell you more about the English sonnet and the IAMBIC PENTAMETER. !! Guidelines if you decide to do a project on Shakespeare’s Sonnets (A MODERN TAKE ON SONNETS 18 or 130)!! Option 3/4
-------- Assignment for next week (FOR EVERYONE) ----- Deadline 5.5. Watch the video below about go the Gform to submit your answers on the Sonnet 130. forms.gle/AwzGxFDktUYtHQ7T7 This lesson builds on tasks 3 + 4 (p. 31) in your Workbooks and task 5 (p.41) in your Student books. To start with, comparing and contrasting is something that we do on a regular basis not only in an academic setting (i.e. school). However, to be able to that successfully we need to have the mastery of these little words (i.e. linking words - vezinici) that bring our ideas together and establish a relationship between them. We usually don't have a problem with linking words in our native language but struggle with them in our second/third language. We usually don't know were to position these linking words or which structures might follow them. Do they come at the beginning or the end of the sentence? Generally, we should: 1. AVOID beginning sentences with ANDs and BUTs - Instead, we can begin sentences with IN ADDITION (instead of AND) and HOWEVER (instead of BUT). We use commas (,) after IN ADDITION and HOWEVER. - Self-driving cars are expensive. However, they are proven to be safer THAN regular cars. 2. ON THE OTHER HAND - always comes at the beginning of the sentence and it's followed by a comma. - ON THE OTHER HAND, do we really want to leave life and death decisions that might arise in traffic to machines? 3. TOO - almost always comes at the END of the sentence 4. INSTEAD OF and RATHER THAN (both meaning : in place of, in lieu of) Instead of flying cars, nowadays we have self-driving ones. Rather than flying cars, nowadays we have self-driving ones. !!! Assignments (DEADLINE: 7.5.)!! : 1. What you have to do today is to solve task 4 (Workbook), p. 31. You have to complete the task with linking words from task 3. 2. After that, you're going to watch a short video about the things that the famous, cult movie BACK TO THE FUTURE (made back in 1985) predicted correctly and incorrectly about the year 2015 (in regard to tech). You are going to compare and contrast these two 2015s (one fictional and envisioned back in 1985 and the real one that you lived through). Write 6 sentences expressing similarities and differences between the two (compare and contrast) and USE LINKING words in every sentence. Submit your 6 sentences with linking words below at by 7.5. (DEADLINE)
After happiness, we turn to misery once again in the form of conditional sentences. :) I've noticed in your response sheets that some of you don't even attempt to use the structures introduces, covered and repeated in these posts.
You need to challenge yourselves a bit more and learn to follow the guidelines. At this point, I just need to see you try. You don't need to have a 100% success rate in using e.g. "I wish" and "If only" structures. But practice makes perfect! Therefore, this time we're going to focus some more on expressing ourselves with past conditional sentences (the 3rd conditional - 'što bi bilo da je bilo' :)) and present conditional sentences (the 2nd conditional - UNREAL conditional -'e daj zabrij da' kondicional :)). If you invest a little bit more time in getting these structures right now, the beginning of your 4th grade is going to be a cakewalk* (*mačiji kašalj). 1. When we talk about "a series of unfortunate events", there isn't a better scene to depict this better than the one from the movie The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. It's a movie about a man who ages backwards (*unatrag). He's born as an old man and dies as an infant. Along the way, he falls in love with dancer named Daisy. However, nothing comes easy in his or Daisy's life. This movie is also very important because it's an adaptation of a well-known short story by a famous American writer Scott Fitzgerald. To be able to do the task below, we need to remind ourselves how the 3rd conditional is formed. It is used for hypothesizing and imagining different past outcomes of past actions.
The thing that you have to remember about conditionals is that if we're talking about an imaginary past, we have to use a PAST PERFECT tense (and a Modal Verb + Past Participle- looks a bit like present perfect). And this is the conditional that we're interested in.
Now, you're going to watch a video about a string of unfortunate events that led to Daisy ending up in a hospital. You should complete the exercise below. 2. On the other hand, if we're talking about an imaginary present (or future), we're going to use PAST simple. (2nd conditional) We're going to need this 2nd conditional to do our next task. We often use PAST simple to talk about current/present events when we're dealing with "special" structures. E.g. If only I HAD a million bucks (right now) I wish you WEREN'T such a nimrod (but you ARE). It's high time we DID something (krajnje je vrijeme da napravimo nešto u vezi toga) If I WON the lottery (right now)... Let's look at our next character and story, this time, not a fictional one - Frane Selak, a man from Croatia who's been named the luckiest unlucky man. Watch the video below and solve 3 tasks related to Frane and his mishaps. FYI (for your information :)), Frane is still alive and kicking at 90. !!! Please hand in both worksheets till 5 MAY. (DEADLINE) You can check if your answers are correct before handing in your work. I advise you do that. :) It provides you with an awesome instantaneous feedback.
The unluckiest lucky man alive, an interactive worksheet by dunjaopa
liveworksheets.com Most of you do have certain experiences with protests - some of you even first-hand experiences. However, do take a couple of minutes to look at the questions above. When we talk about protests we have to distinguish (*razlikovati) between different kinds of protests - not all protests are the same. 1. A protest can take the form of a BOYCOTT - refusing to buy a product, do business with a company, or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval. You have an example of an organized boycott of the company Nike below (*Context: keeling during an anthem *himna is considered to be impolite; Kaepernick knelt during the US anthem because that was his way of protesting the treatment of racial minorities in the US #BlackLivesMatter) 2. On the other hand, protests can take the form of CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE (*građanski neposluh) where people refuse to comply with certain laws or regulations that they believe are unjust. The recent protests of this kind have erupted/ broken out all over the world, not only in the US, as a counter-reaction (*protureakcija) to the COVID-19-related lock down. The protesters violate (*kršiti) social distancing regulations on purpose and organize gatherings, carry placards (*plakate) with slogans and chant (*skandiraju) - "My body, by choice!". 3. Protests can also take the form of a workers' STRIKE. Workers GO ON STRIKE to protest low wages (*plaće) and/or poor (*loše) and unsafe working conditions. The strike that brought us the commemoration of LABOR DAY (DAN RADA) or MAY DAY, as its called in some countries, started on 1 May, 1886, in Chicago. The industrial workers who had been working 15-hour sifts up to that point, without getting paid overtime (*prekovremeno), advocated for (*zalagati se za) an eight hour workday in the end winning the privileged of only working 8 hours per day . 4. The last form of protests that we have to cover are MARCHES that can be distinguished (*razlikovati) from other forms of protests because their participants walk from point A to point B. Their destination usually has a symbolic relevance (*simbolički značaj). I'm sure you've already heard of Martin Luther, his "I have a dream" speech and the March on Washington but do check out the video below. !!!!!!!! TASK for next time***** (DEADLINE 4 MAY)!!!!!!
1. Research one recent or historical protest (E.g. the Extinction rebellion protest). Write a couple of sentences about it answering the questions: a) why you have chosen that protest b) what did the protesters advocate for/against c) was it successful - why/why not d) which means of protest* the protesters used e) were there any casualties (*žrtava/ranjenih/poginulih) f) would you have done anything differently if you had been one of the organizers? The expressions below might help you: ***MEANS OF PROTEST**** online petitions (you collect signatures) you can draw up a petition and sing a petition put up posters placards and banners (with slogans) hand out leaflets (*letak) contacting the media set up a website launch a social media campaign civil disobedience (e.g. blocking the traffic) organize a rally !!!--------GO to GOOGLE FORMS and SUBMIT your work. ------------!!!! forms.gle/dq9wnpG7Ac3LC8kh7 This week we're going to look into several issues related to the body and genes of competitive athletes. Are professional athletes so successful in their respective sports due to an unfair genetic advantage or due to an enormous number of hours they've invested in their training (or perhaps both)? Watch the video above to shed some light on the matter. This is the co-called NATURE (inherited genes) VS NURTURE (the environment - where and how we are raised) debate that can be applied to many fields - from the criminal justice system to the process of adoption. If you adopt a kid who's an offspring of two mentally ill people who were, on top of that, addicts - what is the likelyhood of this kid becoming mentally ill as well, regardless of how well you raise him/her? But we digress (*skrenuti s teme)... Does the fact that you are all Caucasians (*bijelci) who have, on average, a longer torso make you more predisposed (*biti predisponiran) to excel at swimming than, for example, your African-American peers? The issue of genes has also been recently introduce into the world of sports in relation to GENE DOPING (still hypothetical cheating in sports with the use of gene therapy). Thus, genes that we were born with and "engineered" genes (via gene doping) can hypothetically help us achieve better results in sports. !!!!!!!!! Guidelines for 29 and 30 April!!!!! (Deadline 6 MAY) - Reading comprehension (GForm) and 1 online open cloze/word transformation task (educaplay) 1. After watching these two videos above and checking the unfamiliar vocabulary items from this post (certain expressions have been hyperlinked with online dictionaries, as always), go to your workbooks - page 32 - to the text titled "Is the genetically-modified athlete on the way?" 2. You can read the text and/or download the audio of me reading the text and offering explanations of certain vocab items. It's attached below. 3. Please complete this GoogleForm which is basically a digitized version of question and tasks from your workbook. (Deadline 6.5.) - forms.gle/xKJnhnDXxGeYEdMc6 4. After you complete the GoogleForm above, you'll focus your energies on doing target vocabulary practice to become more aware of certain structures and patterns that appear in the English language. You'll complete one short challenge/task based on the text from your workbooks. You have to write the correct form of the words in brackets (i.e. word transformation) and insert the missing ones (i.e. an open cloze task). The words that have been edited out have been edited out for a reason - they might be a part of a phrasal verb or a fixed expression, or the structure of the sentence mandates that only one particular word can be used in the gap. Go to https://game.educaplay.com/ and use PIN: 304155 to join the challenge. Use your names to mark your score. I primarily use this data to see if you've been active. If you face any technical issues regarding this challenge, be sure to try accessing it via an incognito tab. I'm here if you have any questions :). ![]()
After learning about what poetry has evolved into, we should take a step back and look into its older forms. When talking about poetry written in English we cannot avoid mentioning Beowulf, the oldest poem written in English; well, Old English to be exact, the language spoken in Anglo-Saxon England before the Norman Conquest. Check out below how English would have sounded if the French hadn’t invaded and exerted their influence. English when it was a purely Germanic language: The epic poem of Beowulf tells the story of a heroic warrior, and later king, called Beowulf who battles with a monster named Grendel, with Grendel’s revengeful mother, and with a dragon guarding a hoard of treasure. The story is set in Scandinavia in the 6th century while the oldest preserved manuscript is from the 10th century. They author is unknown. The poem was also adapted into a movie with Angelina Jolie as Grendel’s mother. One of the things that makes Old English poetry unique is the use of kennings. "What might a kenning be?", wondered no teenager ever :). Well, I'm going to tell you regardless. A kenning is a figure of speech that uses compounds (hyphenated words) to, instead of simply saying a word, allude (*to hint at*) to it in a roundabout (*zaobilazni*) and clever way. They are similar to riddles in a way. For example, some kennings from Beowulf are: the “whale-road”, to mean/allude to the sea, the “battle-sweat” to mean/allude to blood, the “sky-candle”to mean/allude to the Sun While it may seem to you that kennings have fallen out of use, this isn’t actually the case, and kennings still used in English, for example: Tree-hugger- environmentalist Pencil-pusher- a clerk or office worker Four-eyes- a bespectacled person Breadwinner- someone whose salary supports the family Skyscraper (nebogrebač) - a very tall tower !!!!!!!! The assignment for today is: 1. to watch the video above and 2. to complete the educaplay task on Beowulf. Use this PIN: 000935 to log into the task. Use your real name (or sign in) so I can monitor your work. game.educaplay.com/ (Deadline 28 April) !!!! Alternative Poetry Project (2nd Option) - MODERN BEOWULF ASSIGNMENT For those of you who prefer older forms of poetry, you'll be given an option to write a modern retelling of one the fundamental poetic works (Beowulf, Shakespeare's Sonnets No. 130 or No.18, Poe's Raven) in the English language instead of writing and presenting a slam poem (through different media). Today, I'm going to give you the guidelines for creating a MODERN RETELLING of BEOWULF if you decide to do that project instead of the Slam Poetry one. On Tuesday, after presenting Shakespeare's Sonnets, I'll do the same for the Bard's poetic works, and on Wednesday I'll present guidelines for the modern take on Poe's Raven. Overall, you'll have 4 possible projects to choose from. **** Since you're unable to understand Old English and the translation of Beowulf is too long, I advise you find a copy of the movie Beowulf (from 2007) to watch/stream if you decide to do this project. Modern Beowulf Assignment (OPTION II) Beowulf is one of the oldest stories in the English language. However, the basic story--good versus evil--has been repeated again and again. For this assignment, you are to modernize the story of Beowulf, up to his defeat of Grendel. To do so, you will need to place Beowulf in modern times, of course. However, there aren’t many guys running around in armor with swords these days. Beowulf will need a job. Hrothgar will become something important to today’s society. Grendel will be someone who threatens them (s/he or it cannot be a monster in the conventional sense of the word). One important aspect of the story WHY Grendel attacks Hrothgar's mead-hall (*skandinavski dvor). The most obvious motive for Grendel's attack is envy and a sense of exclusion. He hears the laughter in the mead-hall, hates the Danes and their merry-making from which he is excluded, and resolves to kill them. Even slaughtering thirty does not satisfy him and he returns night after night to drown his misery in blood. Since he is always an outcast, however, the misery remains—no matter how many he kills. (Grendel is basically an extreme version of a PARTY POOPER with a more complex motivation) Beowulf will need to defeat him somehow. He does not have to kill Grendel in your story. Think of an interesting, funny, or just an ordinary job. (Try to be creative. Grendel does not have to be a robber or a terrorist.) Another important aspect of Beowulf is the way in which it is told/ written. For this assignment, you should use three kennings to refer to Beowulf and three to refer to Grendel. Have fun with them. Think of the job you have assigned to Beowulf, and what his responsibilities are. A cabbie: “Beowulf, tourist-driver.” (a kenning) A cashier: “Beowulf, change-giver.” (a kenning) You may wish to be more serious, too. Pick whether you want to be serious or funny. It is your choice. You should also describe what the modern-day Beowulf and Grendel look like. Does Beowulf still look like a warrior? Or like an ordinary guy? You can retell the story from Grendel's perspective. You can write the story in verse. --- WORD COUNT: It has to have a minimum of 200 words (but not more than 300). Write your assignments in a Word document. Use a spellcheck. I beg of you. First, we're are going to cover a few useful expressions that we can use
a) when we don't see eye-to-eye ( = agree on something) with someone and b) when you want to express your opinion (popular or otherwise) without saying I THINK/ I BELIEVE. Sometimes when we disagree with people we don't want to be too blunt (*izravni). Here are a few responses that are a little less blunt that just saying: "No, I disagree", or "You are wrong." 1.) I’d like to put forward a viewpoint that days leading to Christmas are better than Christmas itself. (B) I agree up to a certain point, however/nevertheless I reckon that Christmas day itself is invaluable (* neprocjenjiv) due to the quality time we get to spend with our family. (A) 2.) I TEND towards the opinion that watching sports is as dull as watching paint dry. I would be inclined to disagree. As a matter of fact... 3.) TO my MIND, the best singer in the world is Kanye West owing to the fact that he's not afraid to openly express his opinion. That's not how I see it. I understand where you’re coming from, but… 4.) I MAINTAIN/RECKON that single sex schools would enable a much higher standard of education due to students of both genders being less distracted and more focused on their school work. I see your point, but ON balance, I'd have to disagree with you... 5.) As far as I'm concerned/As I see it/Speaking for myself, Friends TV show is highly overrated. Moreover, it didn't age well. I beg to differ. On the contrary, I consider... The assignment that you have to complete until 29 April consists of 4 steps: 1. Watch the video above from a show on unpopular opinions to get inspired (unpopular opinions are opinions that are not widely held, that is, opinions with which most people would probably disagree) 2. Go to our Padlet board and post in writing at least ONE (or more :)) unpopular opinion that you hold. Use the expressions provided ABOVE to express your (unpopular) opinion. (padlet.com/dunjaopa/34r6hrs219q2) 3. In comments, express your disagreement with one or more posted unpopular opinions. I have posted 3 of my own unpopular opinions to get you started. You have to submit at least ONE disagreeing comment using some of the structures presented above and linking words that we've covered thus far. !!! Please SIGN your work or open an account on PADLET (and sign in when you post) so I can track your progress more easily. 4. Go to this google form and rewrite the sentences using the linking expression in brackets. forms.gle/f6SRguQAEzJQxpmU8 1st grade - 23 & 24 April - Grammar Revision and Designer Babies - The future of Humanity?(Workbook)4/22/2020 1. We'll start off with completing the grammar revision (p. 29) in Workbooks. You have to complete 4 tasks that cover grammar (all the tenses - present, past and future, and all aspects - simple, continuous and perfect). This will come in handy (*be useful) for your upcoming project work. More on the project next week ;). All of the tasks on page 29 contain expressions (e.g. time adverbials - a week ago, by next year, for years, in 2050) or context words (because, think, believe, hope) that point you in the direction of which tenses you're supposed to use. ***FOR YEARS, BECAUSE, BY NEXT YEAR, BEFORE..etc. - point to the need of using a perfect tense - other words in the sentences will tell you whether to use a present, future or past perfect tense. I will upload the key and elaborate these 4 tasks next week (after you complete these exercises on your own). 2. On page 33, in your workbooks there's a text on DESIGNER BABIES. Maybe you've heard of this term/concept or maybe you haven't. In any case, you'll soon learn what it is. You're supposed to read the text and answer the 5 questions in task 1 via this link: forms.gle/jeUUyyyEZyF82p3K8 I've attached the audio of me reading the text below. !!!!! You should definitely go through this Quizlet (before you move onto answering the questions in this google form) with key vocabulary in order to become equipped for discussing the subject of GENETIC ENGINEERING and DESIGNER BABIES. The vocabulary covered in this Quizlet relates to the text as well as to the video that you'll be watching via this google form: forms.gle/jeUUyyyEZyF82p3K8 DEADLINE: 1b - 28 April 1f - 29 April ![]()
2nd grade - 22 April - Poetry Project - Introduction and Guidelines (Deadline for submission: 8 MAY)4/21/2020 Create Your Own Spoken Word Poem Directions: It’s time to put on your poetry hat and try your hand at some spoken word poetry. Sound frightening? Don’t be! Spoken word poets are masters at letting their thoughts flow on paper. Take one of the prompts below and/or one of the ideas listed and let your emotions and ideas spill on the paper. Remember, you create your own rhythm! Consider how you can manipulate language in your own poem. Guidelines:
IDEAS TO GET STARTED: 1. Pick a topic. Consider the listed topics or choose your own.
For example: I am concerned about … OR Summer is … I am anxious about … Summer is … I am ready for … Summer is … It can even be two-voice poem – a conversation between 2 people or objects (?), a voice message that you leave for someone, or a poem in the form of texting. Possibilities are endless.... ![]() 3. Choose the language. Let it flow! Look back at “Touchscreen” and consider how Jones plays with language. Use his poem as a model if you need help starting. 4. Practice your performance and create a presentation. How will you perform or present your poem? Consider where to pause and emphasize words. Consider where to speed up your read or text. How will you express yourself? If you’re a bit shy, there are different ways to present your work other than just reading it. 5. Form: It is not enough to submit your work in a word document. Your work has to be presented in a multimedia format. The level of complexity can drastically vary depending on your skill level. 6. Resources (and ideas) for your poetry presentation/project: You can just animate one image via Blabberize (for desktop) or SpeakPic app (Android) and add the voice – the latter (*zadnje spomenuta) one even has the option where you can choose from various AI voices to read out your work. There are a lot of similar apps for Android and IOS; if you don’t like these, just find another one more to your liking. TextingStory App is also very easy to use to create fictional texting stories/poems (available for Android and IOS). A bit more “sophisticated” tools: http://e-laboratorij.carnet.hr/moovly-izrada-animiranog-sadrzaja/ http://e-laboratorij.carnet.hr/emaze/ http://e-laboratorij.carnet.hr/animatron-besplatan-alat-za-izradu-animacija/ http://e-laboratorij.carnet.hr/stop-motion-studio/ http://e-laboratorij.carnet.hr/kizoa-napravite-svoj-video-sadrzaj/ http://e-laboratorij.carnet.hr/powtoon/ 7. Share your work with other students (Deadline 5 May) at : padlet.com/dunjdunj/1ep2vhoj4g675q21 !!!! 8. If you want me to check the written portion of the task before you 'digitize' it, be sure to send me your poem/work by 29 April (next TUESDAY); I'll provide feedback by 1 May 3rd Grade - 21 April - Elective English - Happiness (What makes us happy and how to express it)4/20/2020 After regrets and mistakes, however useful they might be for learning and growing, it's time to look on the bright side of life. Last time we looked into the regrets of the dying and this week we'll focus on what makes people happy (and how to be happier). Even the United Nations now recognize the importance of happiness as a measure of global well-being. Since 2011, the U.N. has measured the World Happiness Index through six variables:
A) -- Is there anything missing from this list that you feel should be recognized as an indicator of happiness? B) --- In your opinion, why is Finland ranked so high and Croatia so low on the UN's happiness index list? C) --- On a personal level, what are some things that we can do to BOOST* (*increase) our happiness? D) --- Is happiness a choice? This question is explored on Debate.org, a free online debate forum. Visit the website and read two arguments for “yes” and two arguments for “no”. In a short paragraph, describe why you agree or disagree with one of the arguments. (www.debate.org/opinions/is-happiness-a-choice) E) --- Why do you think that people are the happiest when they turn 18 and then again AT the age of 73? Why are 53-year-olds DOWN IN THE DUMPS? !!!!!! ASSIGNMENT - DEADLINE - 28 APRIL - look at some of the expressions below (idioms and synonyms of happy) and answer the questions posed above via this google form. In addition, you'll also be presented with one viewing task so all your senses (except the sense of smell and..and well, taste :)) will be engaged. The LINK where you are supposed to submit your answers: forms.gle/fYVpgJbgRkrj5jqy6 If you invest some time and effort in answering these questions, and perhaps use a new piece of vocabulary, I'm sure you'll be happy as a CLAM when you look in your gradebook. ;) 1st Grade - 21/22 April - Revision of PAST perfect and PREPOSITIONAL phrases (with one online task)4/20/2020 After reviewing your written assignments on the topic of SURVIVAL and past tenses, we should take a step back and reflect on some of the mistakes that you made. There were some which kept popping up. 1. When we are telling a story or giving an account of something that happened in the past, most of our verbs in that text are going to be in one of the past tenses. So, instead of WILL – we should use WOULD; we shouldn't use – WON'T but WOULDN'T, not CAN but COULD, not HAS but HAD. There has to be a good reason to use a present tense verb in the same sentence with verbs in the past. (Mora postojati dobar razlog zašto bi koristili sadašnja vremena u rečenici s prošlim vremenima) ''Even back then, people KNEW that the Earth IS round." U tom je slučaju dozvoljeno koristiti - IS – jer je činjenica da je Zemlja okrugla bila istinita i još uvijek je istinita. (Na stranu Flat Earthers i njihovi 'argumenti' za one koji su upoznati s njima :)) 2. When you use PAST PERFECT you need to have a (darn good) reason why you need to use it, otherwise you should definitely rather use PAST SIMPLE. PAST SIMPLE will suffice in most cases (75%). If we have a sequence of past actions, one following the other – we should use PAST SIMPLE. When we do use PAST PERFECT there should always be a more RECENT past action expressed in PAST SIMPLE with which you are going to correlate this more DISTANT action in PAST PERFECT. Without having a more RECENT action (expressed or very obviously implied) to establish a relationship with, you should NOT use PAST PERFECT. I had come home late. – an INCORRECT usage of PAST PERFECT – you don't have an adverbial (never, always, by the time, ever, for, since) or a more recent past action (in PAST SIMPLE) with which you could establish some sort of a link/connection/correlation. My dad was pissed because I had never come home that late before. - a CORRECT usage of PAST PERFECT !!! Also, be careful – with using BY THE TIME…try to envision which action happened first. That action should be in PAST PERFECT. The other, more recent one should be in PAST simple. BY THE TIME I CAME HOME, they HAD EATEN all the cookies. (1st they ate the cookies, then I came home. – as you can see, we’re using PAST SIMPLE here because we have a sequence of past actions happening one AFTER another) 3. Not to overwhelm you, I want to focus on one last thing unrelated to tenses - PREPOSITIONS and PREPOSITIONAL phrases.
A lot of you still don't have a firm grasp of which preposition you should use - for example, with modes of transport. It is quite understandable that this happens because your mother tongue (CROATIAN) interferes with English. There isn't any inherent logic behind prepositions and prepositional phrases; you just have to become aware that these structures exist in Croatian as well as in English and these structures more often than not differ from one another. There is no inherent logic behind why we say: "Reci to NA engleskom." VS "Say it IN English." * Prepositions: BY; AT; IN; ON; INTO; ONTO; FOR; OF; TO: WITHIN; WITH... !!! The assignment for next time: 1. Go through this QUIZLET with ENG-CRO prepositional pairings: quizlet.com/_8bkd4q?x=1jqt&i=ol6mm 2. Then, based on this quizlet , try to complete this online task as best as you can. Go to educaplay: game.educaplay.com/ and use this PIN: 322310 to access the game. We're going to focus on the freedom of speech (the right TO free speech) and try to answer the question if it should be ever restricted or censored.
Special attention will be given to the question of hate speech and if it should be protected under the right to free speech. This topic relates to the text in your SB, p. 40 where you have 6 people voicing (*izraziti) their opinions on this matter. The assignment (to be submitted till next Monday , 27 April) is: 1. Read and listen to the text on page 40. Answer the questions on p. 41 (task 3) via this google forms link. I have uploaded the audio accompanying the text on Youtube and embedded it within the above-mentioned google form where you should go and answer the questions. 2. Research questions below (choose 2 out of 5 questions to research and submit your findings via this link): forms.gle/7Kw9VBgHPhJKTKm57
restricting/limiting the right to freedom of speech - ogranicavati slobodu govora slander - kleveta (associated expressions: slanderous remarks) whistle blowers - zviždači - osobe koje javno upozoravaju na ilegalne aktivnosti moćnih pojedinaca be charged WITH - biti optužen ZA be sentenced TO - biti osuđen NA (npr. 5 godina zatvora) be convicted OF (slander) - (pravomoćno) osuđen ZBOG to leak information/ to EXPOSE corruption - razotkriti korupciju file a lawsuit - podnjeti tužbu bigoted remarks - zdrti komentari, predrasude racial slurs - rasističke uvrede protected UNDER the right TO freedom of speech - zaštičeni pod pravom na slobodu govora violating the right TO freedom of speech - povreda prava na slobodu govora to be penalized or fined - biti kažnjen (novčano ili nekim drugim metodama) to voice your opinion - izraziti svoje mišljenje We're are going to cover a few useful expressions that we can use a) when we don't see eye-to-eye ( = agree on something) with someone and b) when you want to express your opinion (popular or otherwise) without saying I THINK/ I BELIEVE. Sometimes when we disagree with people we don't want to be too blunt (*izravni). Here are a few responses that are a little less blunt that just saying: "No, I disagree", or "You are wrong." 1.) I’d like to put forward a viewpoint that days leading to Christmas are better than Christmas itself. (B) I agree up to a certain point, however/nevertheless I reckon that Christmas day itself is invaluable (* neprocjenjiv) due to the quality time we get to spend with our family. (A) 2.) I TEND towards the opinion that watching sports is as dull as watching paint dry. I would be inclined to disagree. As a matter of fact... 3.) TO my MIND, the best singer in the world is Kanye West owing to the fact that he's not afraid to openly express his opinion. That's not how I see it. I understand where you’re coming from, but… 4.) I MAINTAIN/RECKON that single sex schools would enable a much higher standard of education due to students of both genders being less distracted and more focused on their school work. I see your point, but ON balance, I'd have to disagree with you... 5.) As far as I'm concerned/As I see it/Speaking for myself, Friends TV show is highly overrated. Moreover, it didn't age well. I beg to differ. On the contrary, I consider... The assignment that you have to complete until 27 April consists of 4 steps: 1. Watch the video above from a show on unpopular opinions to get inspired (unpopular opinions are opinions that are not widely held, that is, opinions with which most people would probably disagree) 2. Go to our Padlet board and post in writing at least ONE (or more :)) unpopular opinion that you hold. Use the expressions provided ABOVE to express your (unpopular) opinion. 3. Upload a short audio, approximately 1 minute long, where you express your disagreement with one or more posted unpopular opinions. I have posted 3 of my own unpopular opinions to get you started. USE the phrases for disagreeing presented ABOVE. You can also provide arguments why you believe someone's opinion is fundamentally wrong. 4.* Go to your previously uploaded work (on Padlet) and if I commented on your audios, please respond below your post. --- Before you record your audio, you should consider doing some vocal exercises or tongue twisters as a warm up. Doing tongue twisters before speaking has proven to have a positive effect on increasing the clarity of your speech. The focus of these two lessons is to get rid of BUTs and ANDs..or to extend our scope of linking words of addition and contrast. Last time we touched upon the matter of linking words of contrast. This time, we're going to focus on the linking words of addition. The less you use these conjunctions/linking words in your written and spoken production the more you'll hear English teachers complain. Linking words (or transition words/ conjunctions/ discourse markers as they are also called) are a very important part of your Matura essay. If your scope and use of linking words is limited, you'll lose a lot of unnecessary points in the essay part of your exit exam. Learning how to connect and contrast ideas and arguments with words other than BUT and AND is not that difficult. 1. Watch the video below to see how to get rid of ANDs, or at least decrease their usage: 2. Check your understanding of these linking words via: a) https://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cae/students/writing/linking/contrast.htm - for LINKING WORDS OF CONTRAST
b)https://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cae/students/writing/linking/addition.htm - LINKING WORDS OF ADDITION 3. Go to your WB (p. 34) and solve task 1 (just circle the correct linking word) that elaborates on the issue of pet cloning. 4. You will be given a choice to provide your own TWO arguments in support/or against the issue of pet cloning oooor TWO arguments in support/or against the idea/proposal of having people who lead unhealthy lives (smoking, tanning, overeating) pay for their own medical expenses * (*troškove) - (refer to your SB, page 51, to get inspired). You have to use at least 4 linking words in your two arguments. a) If you decided to focus your efforts on pet cloning, submit your arguments with 4 linking words via: forms.gle/2wFAWzwAzUBvhVyw9 b) If you decide to focus you efforts on the issue of financially 'punishing' people who make decisions which are detrimental (*štetne) to their health, submit your arguments with 4 linking words via: forms.gle/8r8kqzE3RCUzLd5S8 !!! For example, let's try to refute (that is, provide arguments against) the idea of banning plastic surgery for purely aesthetic reasons (model answer): "Firstly, it is extremely difficult to draw a line between what one might consider a functional operation and an aesthetic one. Not only that, but function and aesthetics are also inextricably linked. Furthermore, restricting plastic surgery in such a way might give rise to illegal plastic operations despite best intentions of having them regulated. Although the black market for plastic surgery already exists, under a legal ban it might extend even further. " As a warm-up to our further discussions and explorations of topics related to the human body we're going to watch and do some vocabulary exercises about the operating theatre (*operacijska sala). *If you are not squeamish(*gadljiv) and don't mind a bit of gore, I recommend you watch the TV show The Knick. It provides a fascinating insight into the history of medicine and much more. It's not everybody's cup of tea, but what is? !!Guidelines!! 1. Complete and submit this worksheet/assignment by Friday. Link: forms.gle/8BSFSfwpYHUWKVoE8 (you have to watch 2 videos, answer questions and do a little bit of research into the recent advances/breakthroughs in medicine - e.g. www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/healthcare-technology-precision-medicine-breakthroughs/) 2. As a warm-up for Friday, we should focus a bit on CONJUNCTIONS (or Linking words or Veznici). In order for us to be able to be proficient in our forthcoming discussions (argumentation) on the issue of pet cloning and raising health insurance premiums for those who lead unhealthy lives, we should remind ourselves how certain conjunctions are used. First, we'll begin with: despite, in spite of, though, although and even though and their difference. Please watch the video below and then complete this exercise: www.englishgrammar.org/spite-grammar-exercise-2/ (you'll be provided with an instant feedback). |
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